Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 332–350.įava, G. Constructive thinking: A broad coping variable with specific components. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 1–10.Įpstein, S., & Meier, P. Risk and resilience in pediatric chronic pain: Exploring the protective role of optimism. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 19(4), 305–315.Ĭousins, L. A Self-help, positive goal-focused intervention to increase well-being in people with depression. Demoralization and remoralization: A review of these constructs in the healthcare literature. Differential immune system changes with acute and persistent stress for optimists vs pessimists. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 20(2), 135–146.Ĭohen, F., Kearney, K. Hope in cognitive psychotherapies: On working with client strenghts. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 715–725.Ĭarver, C. Do (Even) Depressed individuals believe that life gets better and better? The link between depression and subjective trajectories for life satisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(6), 1042–1054.īusseri, M. ![]() A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Program’s effect on depressive symptoms. Focusing on the positive, focusing on the negative: Implications for psychotherapy. The heart’s content: The association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 821–827.īeck, A. Great expectations: A meta-analytic examination of optimism and hope. ![]() ![]() Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3), 251–257.Īlarcon, G. Where oh where are the specific ingredients? A meta-analysis of component studies in counseling and psychotherapy. Compare Lake Wobegon effect, overconfidence effect.Ahn, H., & Wampold, B. See also depressive realism, hypomanic episode. Weinstein asked students to estimate the relative likelihoods of various events happening to them, compared to the likelihoods of the same events happening to their peers, and his results showed that they rated their chances of experiencing positive events, such as owning your own home, receiving a good job offer before graduation, and living past 80, to be significantly above the average for students of the same sex at the same university, and their chances of experiencing negative events, such as having a heart attack before age 40, being sued by someone, and being the victim of a mugging, to be significantly below average. It was first reported in 1925 by the US psychologist F(rederick) H(ansen) Lund (1894–1965) and in 1938 by the US psychologist (Albert) Hadley Cantril (1906–69), and it came to prominence in 1980 when it was studied rigorously and named by the US psychologist Neil D(avid) Weinstein (born 1945) in an article in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. A judgemental bias that tends to affect people's subjective estimates of the likelihood of future events in their lives, causing them to overestimate the likelihood of positive or desirable events and to underestimate the likelihood of negative or undesirable events.
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